1. Change the control signal

The simplest way to change the direction of a stepper motor is to change the control signal, that is, change the level pattern of the signal. The control signal can be high level or low level, and depending on the level mode, the direction of the stepper motor will be different. Therefore, as long as the level pattern of the control signal is changed, the direction of the stepper motor can be reversed.

2. Using external circuits

Another method to change the direction of the stepper motor is to use an external circuit, that is, the external circuit can change the level pattern of the control signal to achieve the purpose of changing the direction of the stepper motor. The external circuit can be a circuit board or a peripheral circuit composed of resistors, capacitors and inductors. By adjusting the voltage and current of the peripheral circuit, the level mode of the control signal can be changed, thereby changing the direction of the stepper motor.

3. Use reverse control method

Reverse control is a classic method of changing the direction of a stepper motor. It can be achieved through two control circuits, one for forward control and the other for reverse control. By switching the start and stop of the two control circuits, the direction of the stepper motor can be changed.

4. Use transistors

Using a transistor is another way to change the direction of a stepper motor. A transistor can control the current flow to the stepper motor. Changing the polarity of the transistor can change the direction of the stepper motor. Transistors can also be used to control the speed of stepper motors. The speed of a stepper motor can be changed by adjusting the current and voltage of the transistor.

5. Use an inverter

An inverter can also be used to change the direction of a stepper motor. An inverter can change the direction of current flow, thereby changing the direction of a stepper motor. The inverter can quickly change the direction of the stepper motor, which can effectively improve the performance and efficiency of the stepper motor.

6. Use relays

Relays can also be used to change the direction of a stepper motor. Relays can change the polarity of a circuit, thereby changing the direction of a stepper motor. In addition, the relay can also be used to control the speed of the stepper motor. The speed of the stepper motor can be changed by adjusting the voltage and current of the relay.

7. Some other methods

As we all know that the angle, speed, and direction of rotation of a stepper motor are related to the number, frequency, and power-on sequence of input pulses. So how to adjust the forward and reverse direction of the stepper motor? For this problem, it is mainly solved according to the following 2 methods.

a. The input is a single pulse

The DIP switch of the signal module should be set to the single pulse position. The motor rotates when there is pulse output. Changing the high and low levels of the direction signal can change the direction of motor rotation. For specific timing, please refer to the signal module manual.

b. The input is double pulse

The DIP switch of the signal module should be set to the double pulse position. When a positive pulse is generated; when the pulse is medium, the motor rotates forward; when a negative pulse is generated, the motor rotates reversely. Note: Positive and negative pulses cannot be sent at the same time. For specific timing, please refer to the signal module manual.

From the above two implementation methods, we know the direction signal of the stepper motor, so what is the direction signal?

The direction level signal DIR is used to control the rotation direction of the stepper motor. When this end is high level, the motor turns one direction; when this end is low level, the motor turns another direction. Note: Motor commutation must be performed after the motor stops, and the commutation signal must be sent after the last CP pulse in the previous direction ends and before the first CP pulse in the next direction.

When your control (host computer) sends out double pulses (i.e. positive and negative pulses) or the amplitudes of the pulse signals do not match, you need to use a signal module to convert it to a 5v single pulse (pulse plus direction).

Therefore, the direction signal is used to adjust the forward rotation of the stepper motor, so how to adjust the reverse rotation?

One way is to change the directional signal of the control system.

Another method is to change the direction by adjusting the wiring of the stepper motor. The specific method is as follows: For two-phase motors, just swap the motor wires of one phase into the stepper motor driver, such as A+ and A- swap.

For three-phase motors, the motor wires of one phase cannot be exchanged, but two of the phases should be exchanged sequentially, such as A+ and B+, A- and B-.

The above are several methods to change the direction of the stepper motor. They can effectively change the direction of the stepper motor, thereby realizing the displacement and rotation of the device. In addition, sensors and microcontrollers can be used to achieve more functions, such as automatic control, automatic positioning and automatic adjustment.